• TEST	What happens ?
  <!--[if !supportLists]-->1.        <!--[endif]-->Attached a copper wire to a stick and heated  by a non luminous flame of the gas cooker.	Change of colour in wire………….. Did it melt?................ Change of colour of flame……………….. Colour of wire after cooling………………..
  2. Added to water.	Did it sink? Was there a change after a week? Does it rust or corrode?
  3.  Kept in vinegar for a week,(vinegar is an acidic solution)	Was there a change in glitter(shine) ? Was there a colour change?

• SOME EASILY OBTAINABLE NON­-METALS
  

  Non - Metal	Description	From where  to get?
  Carbon (Aguru)      C	Usually a black solid present in many forms. A crystalline colourless form exists as Diamonds	Lamp black (soot) Char coal,  Coal., graphite .
  Sulphur (Gendagam)   A yellow solid      S		Very common May be obtained from Ayurvedic drug stores. gardeners WARNING The gas comes out when sulphur burns is poisonous. If you wish to burn this it has to be done outdoors.
  Iodine   Dark purple crystals.          I		Available in pharmacies as tincture of iodine. (This a solution in alcohol)

   Most of the other non metallic elements are either gases , such as Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Chlorine or far too dangerous to keep such as Phosphorus
  

  WARNING

  • The test tube must be moved up and down so that heating will not be only at the bottom.
  • STOP heating when sulfur melts.
  • The mouth of the test tube must be directed away from you so that nothing from any spurt will  come to you.
  • On cooling sulphur will adhere to the test tube. It must be removed by melting.
  
  

FEW EASILY OBTAINABLE METALS

• Know the Metal	Description	From where  to get?
  Copper   Orange solid   Cu		From old electrical wires.
  Gold   Au	Yellow solid. Has a permanent glitter.	Your chains, bangles etc. (Too precious to play with)
  Silver   A photo of a nugget   Ag	<!--[if !vml]-->	Glitter fades slightly, Used in jewelery.
  Aluminium            Al	Silver solid.  Fairly light. Glitter fades under certain conditions.	Chocolate wrappers and some cooking foil etc/
  Iron   Fe	Silver solid Glitter is short lived..	Rusted tin cans and nails which have to be cleaned with sand paper.
  Magnesium    Mg	Silver solid fairly light. Glitter fades.	Chemical suppliers.
  Lead Sin.)    Pb	Greyish silver A heavy metal	Present in solder. WARNING Lead vapour is a dangerous poison
  Mercury    Hg	Silver coloured liquid. Very heavy. Mercury can go into other metals and spoil them	Present in many instruments like thermometers. but difficult to get.  WARNINGShould never be spilled as the vapour  arising from tiny drops is really harmful.

Chemical compounds

Let us start with a very common chemical compound which you can obtain from a chemist or garden centre. Gardeners use this chemical as a fungicide. This you may get as a blue powder or blue crystals. Copper, as you may know is an orange coloured metal. Do you know why they call this blue non metallic substance ‘copper sulphate’?
We can establish the accuracy of this nomenclature by a simple experiment.

Experiment

Aim:   To justify the name of copper sulphate.  

Fig. 4  Keeping a piece of  Iron nail in a solution of copper sulphate.

Method
Take two similar pieces of iron, such as nails or clips. Make a solution of copper sulphate using a previously boiled water. (Boiling removes the dissolved gases in the water.) Immerse  the nail in the solution and leave it for a few hours. 

Observation
Nelly observed a brown and coloured deposit on the silver coloured mail.. The colour of the solution was then more greenish than blue.

Reason
Iron can displace copper from the compound copper sulphate. This rxperiment shows that there is copper in copper sulphate.

Water is another Compound

In this illustration, atoms are represented as babies. Molecules are compared to groups of babies holding hands. One molecule of Oxygen joins with two molecules of Hydrogen to form two molecules of Water. This is what happens when Hydrogen burns.

ALI'S Collection of Solid Chemicals 

 *    If the chemical is fresh, water may boil and spurt out.

**  Can harm the tender skin.

 chalaka