Isotope

Mass

Abundance

³⁵Cl

34.97

75.78 %

³⁷Cl

36.97

24.22 %

Name / State

Symbol / Valency

Discovery

Remarks

Hydrogen

gas

₁H^1.008+  Henry Cavendish

1766,

The lightest element.  Colourless, 75% of atoms in the Universe are these, (formed during the Big-bang.) This is a metal under very low temperatures as in Jupiter.

Helium

gas

₂He^4.003

p.janssen

^{N. Lockyer}

1868

Second lightest element; Colourless; rare in Earth but there is plenty in the Universe. Only non-metal ending in ‘ium’. Presence was recognised in the sun prior to discovery.   (Named in honour of Sun God)

Lithium soft solid

₃Li ^{6.94 + Arfwedson}

1817

Alkali metal, Silvery.        Kept in oil due to high reactivity.  Lightest metallic solid.

Berrilium solid

₄Be ^9.02++

1797

Alkaline earth, Grey metal.

Boron

solid

₅B ^10.61

1808

Black shiny, Semi metal (metalloid), semi-conductor.  Resistant to attack by acids.

Carbon

solid

₆C ^12.01

Ancient

This has the highest boiling point 3500˚ C. Graphite is a black conductor,           Diamond=Colourless semi-conductor;

Carbon forms the largest number of compounds. Present in all living things.

Nitrogen gas

₇N ^{14.01 - - -}

1772

4/5^th of the atmosphere. Important constituent in animal and plant matter.

Oxygen

gas

₈O ^{16 --}

1772

Supports life and combustion. 1/5^th of atmosphere.

Fluorine

gas

₉F ^{19 -}

1810

Halide. Most electro negatively reactive element.  Colourless.

Neon

gas

_10-Ne ^20.12

1898

Ramsay

Inert. Used in discharge tubes which glow in a reddish hue.

Sodium solid

₁₁ Na ^22.99

1807

Humphrey Davy

Soft, alkali metal. Imparts yellow orange colour to flame.

Reacts vigorously with cold water.

Never touch it

 Periodic Table Song

There’s Hydrogen and Helium                     

Then Lithium and Berylium.

Boron, Carbon evertwgere,

Nitrogen all through the air.

With Oxygen, so you can breathe,

And Fluorine for your pretty teeth.

Neon to light up the signs

Sodium for salty times.

Magnesium, Aluminium , Silicon, Phosphorus,

Then Sulphur, Chlorine and Argon,

Potassium and Calcium so you’ll grow strong,

Scandium, Titanium, Vanadium and Chromium

                                                            and Manganese

This is the Periodic Table.

Noble gas is stable,

Halogen and Alkali metals react aggressively.

Each period we’ll see new outer shells

While electrons are added, moving to the right.

Iron is the 26^th

Then Cobalt,Nickel coins you get,

Copper, Zinc and Gallium,

Germanium and Arsenic,

Selenium, Bromine film

While Krypton helps light up your room.

Rubidium and Strontium,

Then Yttrium and Zirconium,

Niobium, Molybdenum,

Technotium, Ruthenium,

Rhodium, Palladium,

Silverware,

Then Cadmium and Indium,

Tin cans, Antimony,

Then Tellrium, Iodine and Xenon.

Theen Caesium and Barium is 56^th

And this is where the table splits,

Where Lanthanides have just begun.

Lanthanum, Cerium, Prasaedium,

Neodium is next.

Promethium  then Sumerium 62.

Europium, Gadolinium, Terbium,

Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium.

Ytterbium,Lutetium, Hafnium,

Tantalum, Tungstan then

We are on the Rhenium

Osmium and Iridium,

Platinum, Gold, to make you rich,

Till you grow old.

Mercury to tell you when it’s realy cold.

Thallium and Lead

Then Bismuth for your tummy,

Polonium, Astatine , Radon and Francium,

Will last a little time.

Radium, Actinium  Actinides 89

Is the Periodic Table.

Noble gas is stable.

Halogen and Alkali react aggressively.

Each period will see

New order shells

While electrons are to the right.

Actinium and Thorium

Protactinium, Uranium,

Neptunium and Plutonium,

Americium, Curium and Berkelium

Californium, Einsteinium, Fermium,

Mendelivium, Lawrencium, Rutherfordium,

Dubnium, Seaborgium,

Bohrium, Hassium

Then Meitherium,Darmstadium

Roentgenium, Copernicum

Unantrium, Unan, Unan …..

Then we are done.