Month
|
Name
|
Event
|
1951
|
Feb.
|
J.
Presper Eckert, John Mauchly,
|
First
Commercial, Universal Automatic Computerial computer.
UNIVAC
|
Jul.
|
Dr.William
Shokley Phd. UK/US. |
Discovered
the junction-transistor.
|
1952
|
Jul.
|
|
Mechanical
heart bypass machine. Cardio Pulmonary Bypass. CPB Figure shows an overhead view of using the machine.
Courtsey:- Texas Heart Institute.
|
Sep.
|
Charles
Hufnago
|
Open heart
surgery. Implants a heart valve.
|
|
Hershey Chase
|
Showed
that DNA stores the genetic material.
|
Nov.
|
U.S.
|
Hydrogen
bomb tested in North west Pacific.
|
|
U.S.
|
A team of
surgeons successfully separated conjoined twins.
|
1953
|
Apr.
|
Watson,
Crick.
|
Showed
that DNA molecule is a double helix.
|
May.
|
U.S
|
Open heart
surgery using the heart lung machine.
|
1954
|
Feb.
|
|
Field
trial of anti- polio vaccime.
|
Mar.
|
U.S.
|
Hydrogen
bomb test in Bikini Island.
|
May.
|
Boing
|
Unveiled
the B 67-70.
|
Oct.
|
|
Conference
on Units and Measures declared Kelvin as the standard unit to measure
|
|
Basov
Prokhorov
|
Described
the MASER.
|
|
|
First
kidney transplant.
|
1955
|
|
Clair
Patterson
|
Calculated
the age of Earth using radiometric data.
|
Apr.
|
|
Salk
vaccine was approved.
|
Aug.
|
Louis
Essen
|
First atomic
clock.
|
Dec.
|
Joe Yijo
(Java born.)
|
Found that
human cells have 46 chromosomes.
|
1956
|
Sep.
|
|
Trans-
Atlantic cable was laid. over 2200 miles.
|
|
IBM
|
Produced a
computer with a hard disc.
|
1957
|
Jan.
|
Hamilton
electric
|
First
electronic watch.
|
Feb.
|
Jens Skoce
|
Discovered
the pump action in nerve cells that use Sodium and potassium ions.
|
Jul.
|
|
International
Atomic Energy Commission established.
|
Oct.
|
USSR
|
Vostok 1..Launched
‘Sputnik’. First object sent to orbit in space by man.
|
|
|
First
flight of Boeing 707 the first commercial jet.
|
Nov.
|
Gordon
Gould
|
Described
the LASER.
|
1958
|
Jan.
|
|
Sputnik
falls back to Earth.
|
|
|
Explorer Launched.
|
Jun.
|
Jan Donald
|
Produced a
paper on the use of Ultra sound for
medical diagnostics.
|
Jul.
|
Messelson
|
Published
a paper on DNA self replication.
|
|
U.S.
|
Congress established
NASA.
|
Sep.
|
F Steward
|
Produced
carrot from somatic cells. First true cloning.
|
|
Jack Kilby
|
Produced
the first microchip.
|
1959
|
Apr.
|
Georges
Mathe
|
Reported
bone marrow transplant.
|
May.
|
|
Two living
premates return to Earth after a space flight.
|
|
Max Perutz
|
Unravelled
the structure of Haemoglobin.
|
Aug.
|
Min Chueh
Chang
|
Achieved
in-vitro fertilization in rabbit.
|
1960
|
Jan.
|
|
D Watch ,
Jacques Piccard descended into Marianas Trench. Deepest spot.
|
Apr.
|
U.S.
|
First
weather satellite Tiros 1 launched.
|
Jul.
|
R Woodward
|
Artificial
synthesis of chlorophyll.
|
Aug.
|
T Maiman
|
Developed
the MASER.
|
1961
|
Feb.
|
|
Element
Lawrencium was made. 260Lr103
|
Apr.
|
|
World Wild
life Fund inaugurated. WWF.
|
12/4
|
Yuri
Gagarin
|
First man
in space.Safely landed after orbiting the Earth.
|
May.
|
|
Space
vehicle Veners passed close to Venus.
|
Nov.
|
|
Introduced
a code for animal names.
|
1962
|
|
|
|
|
John Glenn
|
First
American in space.
|
July
|
|
Communication
satellite Telstar launched.
|
|
|
First
Trans Atlantic TV siganals sent.
|
|
James
Black
|
Invents
Beta blockers for heart patients.
|
1963
|
Mar.
|
Thomas
Starzi
|
First
Liver transplant.
|
Jun.
|
James
Hershey
|
First Lung
transplant.
|
|
|
First
Valentina
Tereshkova woman in space.
|
|
Murray
Gell-Mann, George Zwaig.
|
Independently
introduced the quark theory of fundamental particles.
|
|
Bell group
|
Introduced
the first punch button telephone.
|
Nov.
|
‘Surtsey’
|
A new
volcanic island came up from the sea near Iceland. 2.7 km2 to begin with.
|
1964
|
May
|
Dr.Oscar Ratnoff,E
Dave.
|
Explained the
method of blood clotting.
|
|
A
Penzias,R Wilson
|
Discovered
the cosmic microwave background radiation. CMB.
|
Jun.
|
|
Discovered
the first Black hole.
|
|
|
'Azidothymidine'
developed for cancer was successfully used for HIV.
|
1965
|
Mar.
|
Alexey
Leonov
|
First space
walk.
|
May.
|
Alan
Sandage
|
Discovered
Radio silent quasars.
|
1966
|
June
|
Lynn
Margulis (Mrs. Carl Sagan). US.
|
Endosymbiotic
theory. This concept postulates that
chloroplasts and mitochondria are the result of years of evolution initiated
by the endocytosis of bacteria and blue-green algae.
|
1967
|
|
W
Jason,McKenzie. Br.
|
Proposed
tectonic plate movements.
|
Aug.
|
|
First
mobile intensive care unit.
|
Nov.
|
S Weinberg
|
Unified
electromagnetic forces and weak nuclear forces.
|
|
|
A pulsar
observed.
|
Dec.
|
Christian
Bernard (SA)
|
First
heart transplant. Patient Washinsky.
|
1968
|
|
Linear
acceleration centre.
|
Found
evidence for ‘quarks’.
|
|
R Feyn
|
Proposed a
theory that recognised sub atomic
particles, quarks and gluons.
|
Jul.
|
US
California
|
INTEL was
founded.
|
|
|
Experiment
to capture solar ‘neutrinos’.
|
1969
|
Mar.
|
|
Formaldehyde
was discovered in outer space.
|
Apr.
|
D Liotta, Denton
Cooley. Texas heart Institute
|
First
artificial heart implanted. They replaced a dying man's heart with a
mechanical heart as a bridge for a
transplant.
|
July
|
|
First men
to land on moon. Apollo 11. Neil
Armstrong,
Buzz Aldrin.
|
Aug.
|
T Brock,H
Freez.
|
Discovered
bacteria living in hot springs.
|
Nov.
|
Dorothy
Cockroft
|
Explained
the structure of ‘insulin’.
|
1970
|
Jan.
|
|
Commencement
of Jumbo jet service. Over 400 passengers.
|
Feb.
|
Japan
|
Launched
the first satellite ‘Osmi’.
|
Apr.
|
China
|
Launched
the first satellite ‘Fang-Hong’.
|
|
NASA
|
Aborted
Apollo 13 mission.
|
22/4
|
|
Declared
as the ‘Earth day’.
|
Jun.
|
H Temin,D
Baltimore
|
Discovered
reverse transcriptase.
|
Jul.
|
Donald
Keck at
‘Corning’.
|
Produced
low less optical fibre suitable for communications.
|
Sep.
|
USSR
|
Luna 16
drifted to moon.
|
Nov.
|
Rover 11
|
To
traverse the surface of mars.
|
Dec.
|
US
|
A space X’
ray observatory.
|
|
USSR
|
Venera 7
landed on Venus.
|
1971
|
Jan.
|
Busicom
|
First
pocket calculator released.
|
Apr.
|
Alan
Shepherd
|
Hits a
golf ball on the moon.
|
|
|
A combine
vaccination for measles, mumps and rubella licensed.
|
Jun.
|
Georgi
Dobrovolski (left), Vladislav Volkov (right) and Viktor Patsayev (background)
–USSR
|
After
spending 23 days, a record, in the space station 3 cosmonauts died due to
decompression.
|
Jul.
|
Apollo 15
|
Third
manned mission to moon.
|
Oct.
|
|
First
brain scan of a human.
|
|
|
‘Mol’
added as a unit of measurement in the SI system.
|
|
Ray
Tomlinson
|
First E –
mail sent.
|
Nov.
|
NASA
|
Mariner 9 entered
a Mars orbit.
|
|
Intel
|
Produced
the first micro-processor.
|
1072
|
Feb.
|
USSR
|
Luna 20
lands on the moon.
|
Mar.
|
NASA
|
Pioneer 10
lifts off to Jupiter.
|
Apr.
|
|
Apollo 16
land on the moon.
|
May.
|
Astronauts
|
Discovered
that Cygnus X has a hidden black- hole.
|
Aug
|
Magna….
|
First
computer game.
|
Oct.
|
Paul Berg
|
Combined
DNA from 2 viruses starting genetic engineering.
|
Nov.
|
Atari
|
Video
game Pong.
|
|
NASA
|
Apollo
17Lands on Moon.
|
|
Hamilton watch
Co.
|
All
electronic digital watch ‘Pulsar’
released.
|
Dec.
|
NASA
|
Apollo 17
lands on moon.
|
|
Vadic cor.
|
First
practical modem.
|
1973
|
Apr.
|
M Cooper
|
First
telephone call from a hand held phone.
|
|
CERN
|
Developed
the touch screen for computers.
|
May
|
|
Sky Lab
launched.
|
|
|
Patent
obtained for PET plastic bottles.
|
Sep.
|
Vint Cerf,
R Khan.
|
Introduced
the International Internet Protocol suite. (TCP/IP)
|
Oct.
|
Volcov, Soroka
|
Proposed
super gravity. SUGRA for short) is a theory that combines the
principles of super symmetry and general relativity.
|
Nov.
|
|
Transgenic
organism created.
|
|
S Salter
|
A device
to harness wave energy devised.
|
1974
|
Feb.
|
NASA
|
Mariner 10
approached Venus.
|
|
USSR
|
Mars 4
approached Mars.
|
Mar.
|
Stephen
Hawkins
|
Produced evidence for sub atomic
particle emanation from Black-holes.
|
|
Mariner 10
|
Approached Mercury.
|
Apr.
|
R Jaenich,
Beatrice
|
Introduced DNA from a virus into
a mouse.
|
Jun.
|
USSR
|
Launched the third space station
Salyut 3.
|
|
Warning
|
CFC is depleting Ozone in the atmosphere.
|
Nov.
|
|
An explosion of new sub atomic
particles.
Coded as November explosion.
|
|
|
Discovery of Lucy in Ethiopia. A
humanoid that lived 3.2 million years ago. Australopithecus aferensis.
|
Dec.
|
NASA
|
Pion 11 reached Jupiter.
|
1975
|
|
IBM
|
First commercial LASER printer.
|
9th
|
India
|
Launched the satellite
‘Aryabhata’.
|
June.
|
Sony
|
'Betamax’ Home video recording
service.
|
July.
|
US - USSR
|
Appolo hugs Soyuz. Russian
American capsules dock in space.
|
Aug.
|
Wallace Broeker
|
Coins the term ‘global warming’
|
Oct.
|
|
Venera 9 lands on Veenus.
|
Nov.
|
B
Mendelbrot.
|
Coined the term ‘Fractal’ in
mathematics.
|
Dec.
|
S Sasson
|
Takes the first digital photos.
|
1976
|
Jan.
|
Br, Fr.
|
Concorde,
super sonic airliner started service.
|
Mar.
|
Richard
Dawkins
|
Published
‘Self gene’.
|
July.
|
|
Viking
landed on Mars.
|
|
Steve
Jobs,S Wozniac,R Wayne.
|
Apple
computers marketed. Apple 1.
|
|
|
Ebola
virus appear.
|
Sep.
|
Shugart
Associate
|
Produced
the floppy disc drive.
|
|
JVC
|
Introduced
the VHS video system.
|
|
Seymour
Cracy
|
Developed
the super computer.
|
1977
|
Feb.
|
|
Hydrothermal
vents discovered near Galapagos ridge.
|
|
Fred
Sanger
|
Unraveled
the Genome sequence.
|
Apr.
|
|
Telephone
communication via optical cables.
|
Jul.
|
R Domadian
|
First full
body MRI scan.
|
Aug.
|
R Ehman
|
Ohio state
University Radio Telescope detected an un explained signal believed to be
from space. Wow! Signal.
|
|
|
Gossamer
condor’ A human powered aircraft.
|
Oct.
|
E
Barghorn, A Knoll.
|
Discovered 3.4 million yrs.old fossils of bacteria.
|
1978
|
Elite for
the
|
US
……..NAVSTAR
Constellation
|
Cluster of
satellites that provides location and time information to anyone with a GPS. receiver. At least four sats will be available at any
time to any spot on Earth. US maintains it, and makes it freely accessible to
anyone
|
|
Mary
Leaky.
|
3.6
million yr old Foot print fossils of a
biped discovered in Tanzania.
|
July.
|
R Edward,
P Steptoe
|
Performed
IVF. At Oldham General Hospital.
|
Sep.
|
|
Genetech
Bacteria to produce insulin.
|
|
NASA
|
Launched
Einstein X’ray telescope.
|
1979
|
Jan.
|
Bell Co.
|
Unix 7
Computer system.
|
Mar.
|
NASA
|
Voyager 1
closest approach to Jupiter.
|
|
|
Three mile
nuclear plant melt down. People evacuated up to 8 km.
|
May
|
|
Astronauts
got evidence for
|
June
|
Dr. Paul Mc Cready co.
|
Gossamer albatross
crossed English channel.
|
Jul.
|
Sony
|
Portable
audio cassette player –Walkman.
|
|
|
Voyager 2
approached Jupiter.
|
Sep.
|
|
Pioneer 2
passed Saturn.
|
Oct.
|
J Lovelock
|
A new look
at life on Earth.
|
Dec.
|
ESA and
Areane
|
First
Ariane rocket.
|
1980
|
Jan.
|
Alan Gath
|
Cosmic
theory of inflation a refinement to Big bang theory.
|
May.
|
World
Health Assembly
|
Announced
the eradication of small pox.
|
Jun.
|
L Alvarez
|
A theory
for the extinction of dinosaurs.
|
Jul.
|
|
Cholesterol
reducing Lovastatin from fungus Aspergillus
terres.
|
Nov.
|
NASA
|
Voyager 1
approaches Saturn.
|
1981
|
Apr. | | Artificial skin for burn victims tested. |
3/
|
|
Osborne 1 Portable computer produced.
|
12/
|
NASA
|
Re-usable space shuttle introduced.
|
Apr.
| Xerox star
| First computer with menu,icons and mouse.
|
May
| R Feynman
| Lays down foundation for quantum computers.
|
Jul.
| M Evans,M Kaufman
| Cultured p[luripotent cells from mouse embryos.
|
| | |
Aug.
| Microsoft
| MS-Dos operating system for computers.
|
| NASA | Voyager 2 sent images of Saturn.
|
12/
| IBM
| Introduced a very successful computer.
|
Nov.
| Epson HX-20
| First lap-top.
|
Dec.
| US.
| Vaccine for Hepatitis approved.
|
| Miss. Gail Martin
| Cultured pluripotent cells and named the embryonic stem cells.
|
| 1982
| |
Jan. | | Commodore 64. Personal computer.
|
Feb. | Intel
| Micro-processorwith one hundred thousand transistors.
|
Apr. | Dr. S Prusiner.
| Discovered 'Prions'.
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and human
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) are the most notable central
nervoussystem degenerative disorders caused by prion
|
May |
| Cancer causing geneidnetified. Oncogene.
|
July. | Weather phenomenon
| El- Nino recognised.
|
27/ | Washington DC.
| AIDS gets it's name.
|
Oct. | Sony
| Released a commercial CD player.
|
| MIDI. | This describes the process of playing music just as sheet
music: there are MIDI Messages describe, note, time, tempo, instrument and
relative volume.
|
Dec. | Jarvic | Permanent Artificial heart given to Barney Clerk.
|
| 1983 | |
Jan. 1/
| | Switching on of modern Internet. TCP/IP
|
19/ | Apple
| 'Lisa' Home computer with a graphical user interface.
|
Jan. | CERN
| Discovered sub atomic particle w-boson.
|
May. | CERN
| Discovered z- Bosons.
|
June | Barry Marshal, Robert Warren.
| Discovered Helico bacter pylori. Probably causing gastric ulcers.
|
Oct. 3/
| Motorola
| First wireless telephone call.
|
21/
| | Meter' Defined as the distance light travels in a fraction of a second 1/299,792.458.
|
| 1984
| |
Jan. | Steve Jobs,
| Introduced the Mckintosh computer.
|
Feb. | B Mc Candless.
| Un-tethered space walk out of Challenger.
|
Apr. | | Discovery of the AIDS causing virus.
|
July. | Kary Mullis
| Presented the Polymerase chain reaction.
|
25/ | | First woman to take a Space walk was Svetlana Savitskaya. .
|
Sep. | Alec Jeffereys.
| Discovered DNA profiling.
|
| 1985 | |
May. | Antarctic Survey
| Discovered the decline of the Ozone concentration in the atmosphere.
|
June. | Team led by Colin Masters
| Analyzed the plaque coat in Alzeimer causing cells.
|
Oct. | | First case where DNA profiling was used.
|
18/ | M Caruthers.
| Found a way to build DNA sequences.
|
Nov. | Sussex and Rice Universities.
.
| Discovered a strange form of Carbon. 'BuckMinster Fullerine'.
|
20/
| Microsoft
| MS - Windows1.0 introduced.
|
| 1986
| |
| Harold Kroto,Robert Carl and Richard Smelley. | Shared the Noble prize for discovering Bucky ball.
|
Jan. | NASA
| Voyager 2 closest approach to Uranus.
|
28/
| NASA
| Space shuttle Challenger Disaster. 7 Astronauts perished.
|
Feb. | USSR
| 'Mir' Space station launched.
|
Mar. | France
| Field trials of Gentec engineered plants.
|
| | Space probes investigate Hayle's Comet.
|
Apr. | Ukraine | Nuclear accident in Chernobyll.
|
Sep. | IBM
| Discovered High temperature Super conductivity.
|
Dec. | IBM
| Invented the Atomic Force Microscope.
|
| 1987
| |
| | |
Mar. | | An AIDS treatment approved.
|
Nov | General Motors
| 'Sunraycer' car wins the race, Solar Challengerheld in Australia to develop solar technology for cars.
|
| | Laser using eye surgery.
|
| 1988 | |
Apr 1
| Stephen Hawkins
| Writes "A brief History of Time".
|
May 16
| US surgeon general
| Reported Nicotine as addictive as heroin.
|
June 23
| J hansen
| Warned the US senate about Global warming.
|
Nov. 1
| Morris worm
| First computer virus.
|
| Netherland
| Second country to join Intyernet.
|
Dec. | UN
| Inaugurates Inter government Panel on Climate change.
|
| 1989 | |
Feb. | | New satellites for GPS.
|
Mar. | Tim Barnes Lee. Br.
| Wrote the blue print www HTML.
|
| | Discovery of magneto resistence for data storing.
|
Aug.25 | NASA
| Voyager was closest to Neptune 12 years after launch.
|
Oct | Handyside
| Screening of embryos before implanting. |
| 1990 | |
Feb 14
| NASA
| Voyager 1 photographed the solar system exxcluding only Mercury and mars.
|
Apr. | | Human Genome project launched.
|
24
| NASA
| Hubble Space Telescope launched.
|
| General Instruments.
| Introduced HDTV |
Sep. | Archie.
| First Internet search engine.
|
| | Gene Therapy commenced.
|
15/
| NASA
| Magellan started 3D mapping of Venus.
|
Dec. | Seigi Ogawa
| Found a method to identify active regions of the brain using MRI.
|
25/ | Tim Barnes Lee
| World Wide Web commenced. www.
|
| 1991
| |
May | Sony
| Digital mini-disc audio format.
|
June | Sumio Lijama
| Discovered Carbon nano tubes.
|
19 | Rojer Billings US.
| First Hydrogen fuel cells.
|
Aug. | CERN
| Started the first web-page.
|
Sep. | Mexico | CHICXULB crater disc discovered. Diameter 110 miles.
|
| 1992 | |
Jan. | | Planets discovered out side Solar system. exo-planets.
|
Apr 23
| | Seeds of Galaxy formation discovered.
|
June 3
| Rio de Janeiro.
| 172 countries discussed sustainability at the Earth Summikt.
|
Sep. | NASA
| Reported the unusual increase of thw Ozone hole.
|
| Hitachi
| Developed the high resolution Liquid Crystal Display. LCD.
|
| | First birth conceived by direct injection of sperm into an egg.
|
| 1993 | |
| Blockford | Released the micro processor controlled prosthetic knee.
|
Dec. | | Convention on Bio-diversity.
|
| 1994 | |
Mar. | UN.
| Convention on Climate change effective.s
|
May 21
| US.
| GM tomato approved for sale.
|
July | | Fragments of comet Shoemaker crashed on Jupiter.
|
Dec. | Jeffrey Friedman's team
| Discovered 'Leptin".
|
| 1995 | |
Jan. 17/
| | Patent filed for a wireless capsule endoscopy.
|
Apr.
| NASA
| Hubble Space Telescope showed star formation in progress.
|
May. | Ed Witten US.
| Introduced the M- theory based on unifying string theory and super symmetry.
|
June. | Colorado University.
| Obtained Bose-Einstein condensate. A special state of matter that can be reached near absolute zero. Predicted by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein. |
July. | NASA
| Probe to Jupiter,
|
28 | | First sequencing of a bacterial genome.
|
Sep. | CERN
| Discovered Anti atoms.
|
|
| Discovery of first confirmed exo- planet.
|
Dec.
| NASA
| Galileo orbits Jupiter.
|
| HST | Sent deep field images of high quality.
|
1996
|
Jan. | | USB convention adopted.
|
Feb.
| Roslin Institute. Scotland | Birth of Dolly A cloned mammal. |
June. | | First artificial heart implanted.
|
Aug. | | A meteorite from Mars may contain evidence of life.
|
Sep. | | Nuclear test Ban Treaty.
|
Nov. | Dr.Shuji Nakamura. Nobel Laureate.
| Discovered low powered blue laser. This helped to produce bright white light at a low cost.
|
| | DVD discs and DVD platers.
|
| 1997 | |
Mar. |
| Standard for cable modem that give broad band to internet. |
| IBM | 'Deep Blue' computer was able to beat Garry Kasperov, the wold chess champion. 2:1. (3 drawn)
|
| | Glowing mice produced. They had a green fluorescent protein.
|
June | | "Wi-Fi' Wireless net working protocol.
|
Sep. | Google. | The company registered.
|
| 1998 | |
Mar. | | MP 3 Player
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Apr. | | Demonstration of a quantum computer.
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May | | First Robot assisted heart by pass op.
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Sep. | Astronomers | Discovered that Universe is accelerating.
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| | Discovered a super massive black-hole at the centre of our Galaxy.
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Oct | ADSL
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Nov. | | First section for International Space Station launched.
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| James Thomson
| Embryonic stem cells cultured.
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| 1999 | |
Jan | Anjelo Vescovi
| Obtained blood cells from stem cells of mice.
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Feb. | NASA | Star dust mission' Sent to Asteroid 5535.
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Apr | | Graph showing rise of average temperature of the world.
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July | | Lunar prospector to explore Lunar North pole.
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Dec. | Ericson. | Released 'Blue tooth' Wireless net working system.
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